环境
- Raspberrypi: Raspberry3 Model B
- OS: RASPBIAN JESSIE LITE 2017-02-27
使用USB存储盘启动树莓派
此处参考 https://www.chiphell.com/thread-914770-1-1.html 片段:U盘启动篇
- 准备
- 硬件
- SD卡一枚 >= 128MB
- 外置USB存储盘 (U盘, 启动硬盘)
- 系统镜像
- 软件
- Windows操作系统
- 镜像烧写工具 Win32 Disk Imager
- SD卡格式化工具 SD Card Formatter
- 硬件
- 使用 SD Card Formatter 对 SD卡格式化并选择烧入解压后的USB-ZIP.zip
- 使用 Win32 Disk Imager 将树莓派系统镜像烧入U盘
- 将U盘中的commline.txt文件中的
root=/dev/mmcblk0p2修改为root=/dev/sda2- 个人理解
- mmcblk0p == 内存卡
- mmcblk0p2 == 内存卡的第二个分区(树莓派镜像烧写中会将系统烧写到第二个分区)
- sda == 第一个外置磁盘
- sda2 == 第二个外置磁盘的第二个分区
- 个人理解
- 将U盘第一个分区(FAT格式)所有内容复制到SD卡下
- 将SD卡插入树莓派SD卡位置, U盘插入USB位置，点亮树莓派
时区更改
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
默认启动开启ssh
在启动盘第一个分区(FAT_Boot)下新建空文件 ssh
替换 apt-get 源
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 首行默认官方源，国内访问速度太慢，故注释
# deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi
# Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source'
# deb-src http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi
# 添加阿里镜像源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
apt-get update apt-get upgrade
修改pi默认密码
默认用户: pi </p> 默认密码: raspberry
passwd
[当前密码]
[新密码]
[确认新密码]
安装MySQL
apt-get install mysql-server
指定脚本开机自启
本段参考http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26000296-id-3986914.html, https://q.cnblogs.com/q/26733/中麦田里的守望者的回答
1. 修改 /etc/rc.local 方式
直接在文件中底部添加需要执行的命令即可，不可含有阻塞式命令(不得不含有可在语句后添加&)，在成功执行整个rc.local文件后应返回状态码0，以下是rc.local文件头部注释
rc.local
This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
value on error.
In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
bits.
By default this script does nothing.
2.linux服务方式启动 /etc/init.d/
本段参考自 http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26000296-id-3986914.html
- 阅读 /etc/init.d/README
Configuration of System V init under Debian GNU/Linux
Most Unix versions have a file here that describes how the scripts
in this directory work, and how the links in the /etc/rc?.d/ directories
influence system startup/shutdown.
For Debian, this information is contained in the policy manual, chapter
"System run levels and init.d scripts". The Debian Policy Manual is
available at:
http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/#contents
The Debian Policy Manual is also available in the Debian package
"debian-policy". When this package is installed, the policy manual can be
found in directory /usr/share/doc/debian-policy. If you have a browser
installed you can probably read it at
file://localhost/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/
Some more detailed information can also be found in the files in the
/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc directory.
Debian Policy dictates that /etc/init.d/*.sh scripts must work properly
when sourced. The following additional rules apply:
* /etc/init.d/*.sh scripts must not rely for their correct functioning
on their being sourced rather than executed. That is, they must work
properly when executed too. They must include "#!/bin/sh" at the top.
This is useful when running scripts in parallel.
* /etc/init.d/*.sh scripts must conform to the rules for sh scripts as
spelled out in the Debian policy section entitled "Scripts" (§10.4).
Use the update-rc.d command to create symbolic links in the /etc/rc?.d
as appropriate. See that man page for more details.
All init.d scripts are expected to have a LSB style header documenting
dependencies and default runlevel settings. The header look like this
(not all fields are required):
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: skeleton
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Should-Start: $portmap
# Should-Stop: $portmap
# X-Start-Before: nis
# X-Stop-After: nis
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# X-Interactive: true
# Short-Description: Example initscript
# Description: This file should be used to construct scripts to be
# placed in /etc/init.d.
### END INIT INFO
More information on the format is available from insserv(8). This
information is used to dynamicaly assign sequence numbers to the
boot scripts and to run the scripts in parallel during the boot.
See also /usr/share/doc/insserv/README.Debian.
-
提取关键
-
大多unix系统下
/etc/rc?.d目录对应着系统开机/关机时会调用的脚本所有 rc?.d 中的脚本来自 /etc/init.d 的软链接, 以下英文文档来自 各个rc?.d目录下README
-
rc0.d
Generally it is not necessary to alter the scripts in this directory Their purpose is to stop all services and to make the system ready for shutdown.
在系统执行停止所有服务准备关机时
-
rc1.d
Generally it is not necessary to alter the scripts in this directory Their purpose is to stop all services and thus to put the system in single-user mode.
在系统执行停止所有服务进入单用户模式时
-
rc2-5.d document
To disable a service in this runlevel, rename its script in this directory so that the new name begins with a ‘K’ and a two-digit number, and run ‘update-rc.d script defaults’ to reorder the scripts according to dependencies. A warning about the current runlevels being enabled not matching the LSB header in the init.d script will be printed. To re-enable the service, rename the script back to its original name beginning with ‘S’ and run update-rc.d again. ?
-
在当前运行级别关闭一个服务脚本，将符号链接更名为以前缀以’K’开头带两个数字，并执行
update-rc.d $script_name defaults使脚本适应变化 -
如果开启当前运行级别而不匹配脚本LSB头，会打印警告
-
当要重新开启这个服务，将符号链接的更名为以前缀’S’带两个数字并执行
update-rc.d $script_name defaults使脚本适应变化
-
-
rc2.d
不开启NFS的多用户状态
-
rc3.d
完全的多用户状态，包含NFS，登录后进入多用户模式
-
rc4.d
未使用，系统保留
-
rc5.d
X11控制台，登录后进入图形GUI
-
rc6.d
Generally it is not necessary to alter the scripts in this directory. Their purpose is to stop all services and to make the system ready for reboot.
在系统执行停止所有服务准备重新启动时
-
-
- LSB文件描述头
- Do it
- 根据规范编写脚本, 根据需要添加LSB头
- 脚本添加执行属性
chmod +x $script_path - 测试脚本在任何目录下都能运行
- 移动脚本到
/etc/init.d/ -
执行
update-rc.d $script_name default一些发行版linux中可能不存在
update-rc.d命令，便于参考方便粘下相关硬操作命令sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/$script_name /etc/rc0.d/K09$script_name sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/$script_name /etc/rc1.d/K09$script_name sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/$script_name /etc/rc6.d/K09$script_name sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/$script_name /etc/rc2.d/S91$script_name sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/$script_name /etc/rc3.d/S91$script_name sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/$script_name /etc/rc4.d/S91$script_name sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/$script_name /etc/rc5.d/S91$script_name
挂载磁盘分区
-
查看磁盘设备、分区
fdisk -l blkid
-
查看当前挂载状态
mount -l
-
挂载磁盘分区
mount
e.g. mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/data
- 开机自动挂载
- 编辑
/etc/fstab - 根据以下规范添加一行, 可根据文件已有中上面进行参考
- 磁盘分区路径、lable、UUID
- 挂载点
- 文件系统
- defaults [更多可参考本段声明链接]
- 能否被dump备份命令作用, 0-不, 1-每天, 2-不定日期
- 是否检查扇区, 0-不要检验, 1-最早检验(一般为根目录选择), 2-最早级别检验完成后检验
-
e.g.
/dev/sda3 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 2
安装 ResilioSync
-
安装
echo "deb http://linux-packages.resilio.com/resilio-sync/deb resilio-sync non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/resilio-sync.list wget -qO - https://linux-packages.resilio.com/resilio-sync/key.asc | sudo apt-key add - sudo dpkg --add-architecture armel sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install resilio-sync:armel sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install resilio-sync -
配置开机启动
sudo systemctl enable resilio-sync
Seafile安装/配置/升级
ngrok server-client
apt-get 设置代理
修改 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50raspi , 在文件尾追加内容
Acquire::http::proxy "http://proxy.example.com:port/";
安装Transmission
-
安装
apt-get install transmission-daemon -
配置
/var/lib/transmission-daemon/info/settings.jsonhttps://github.com/transmission/transmission/wiki/Editing-Configuration-Files
apt-get install transmission
安装 aria2 及 开启rpc webui控制
-
安装
apt-get install aria2
- 配置
-
创建 Aria2 的配置文件夹：
mkdir /etc/aria2
-
创建 session 和配置文件：
touch /etc/aria2/aria2.session touch /etc/aria2/aria2.conf
-
编辑配置文件
/etc/aria2/aria2.conf，添加并按需求修改配置## 文件保存相关 ## # 文件保存目录 dir=/mnt/storage/download # 启用磁盘缓存, 0为禁用缓存, 需1.16以上版本, 默认:16M disk-cache=32M # 断点续传 continue=true # 文件预分配方式, 能有效降低磁盘碎片, 默认:prealloc # 预分配所需时间: none < falloc ? trunc < prealloc # falloc和trunc则需要文件系统和内核支持 # NTFS建议使用falloc, EXT3/4建议trunc, MAC 下需要注释此项 #file-allocation=falloc ## 下载连接相关 ## # 最大同时下载任务数, 运行时可修改, 默认:5 #max-concurrent-downloads=5 # 同一服务器连接数, 添加时可指定, 默认:1 max-connection-per-server=15 # 整体下载速度限制, 运行时可修改, 默认:0（不限制） #max-overall-download-limit=0 # 单个任务下载速度限制, 默认:0（不限制） #max-download-limit=0 # 整体上传速度限制, 运行时可修改, 默认:0（不限制） #max-overall-upload-limit=0 # 单个任务上传速度限制, 默认:0（不限制） #max-upload-limit=0 # 禁用IPv6, 默认:false disable-ipv6=true # 最小文件分片大小, 添加时可指定, 取值范围1M -1024M, 默认:20M # 假定size=10M, 文件为20MiB 则使用两个来源下载; 文件为15MiB 则使用一个来源下载 min-split-size=10M # 单个任务最大线程数, 添加时可指定, 默认:5 split=10 ## 进度保存相关 ## # 从会话文件中读取下载任务 input-file=/etc/aria2/aria2.session # 在Aria2退出时保存错误的、未完成的下载任务到会话文件 save-session=/etc/aria2/aria2.session # 定时保存会话, 0为退出时才保存, 需1.16.1以上版本, 默认:0 save-session-interval=60 ## RPC相关设置 ## # 启用RPC, 默认:false enable-rpc=true # 允许所有来源, 默认:false rpc-allow-origin-all=true # 允许外部访问, 默认:false rpc-listen-all=true # RPC端口, 仅当默认端口被占用时修改 # rpc-listen-port=6800 # 设置的RPC授权令牌, v1.18.4新增功能, 取代 --rpc-user 和 --rpc-passwd 选项 #rpc-secret=<TOKEN> ## BT/PT下载相关 ## # 当下载的是一个种子(以.torrent结尾)时, 自动开始BT任务, 默认:true #follow-torrent=true # 客户端伪装, PT需要 peer-id-prefix=-TR2770- user-agent=Transmission/2.77 # 强制保存会话, 即使任务已经完成, 默认:false # 较新的版本开启后会在任务完成后依然保留.aria2文件 #force-save=false # 继续之前的BT任务时, 无需再次校验, 默认:false bt-seed-unverified=true # 保存磁力链接元数据为种子文件(.torrent文件), 默认:false bt-save-metadata=true
-
-
测试
aria2c --conf-path=/etc/aria2/aria2.conf -D没有任何提示表示成功
-
添加开机自启
创建文件
/etc/init.d/aria2c添加以下脚本内容, 具体结束可参考指定脚本开机自启#!/bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: aria2c # Required-Start: $network $local_fs $remote_fs # Required-Stop: $network $local_fs $remote_fs # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: aria2c RPC init script. # Description: Starts and stops aria2 RPC services. ### END INIT INFO USER=root RETVAL=0 case "$1" in start) echo "Starting service Aria2..." aria2c --conf-path=/etc/aria2/aria2.conf -D echo "Start service done." ;; stop) echo "Stoping service Aria2..." killall aria2c echo "Stop service done." ;; esac exit $RETVAL保存，执行以下代码将开机自启应用
chmod +x /etc/init.d/aria2c update-rc.d aria2c defaults -
aria2 web ui
性能监测
参考原文:Amazing ! 25 Linux Performance Monitoring Tools 译文:你值得拥有 —— 25 个 Linux 性能监控工具
- 最终选择使用了简单的
Saidar -
查看cpu温度
cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp 结果值为摄氏度*1000
